Reversing gear for internal combustion engines



Dec. 15,

O. PETERS EN REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Hllllll IIIWR l Dec, 15, 1931. o. PETERSEN 1,837,171

REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 15, 1931. o. PETERSEN 1,837,171

REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec. 15,1931. RSEN 1,837,171

REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES File June 2 1928 6 $heet S-Sheet 4 Dec. 15, 1931. o. PETERSEN REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec 15, 1931. o. PETERSEN 1,837,171

REVERSING GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 29, 1928 e Sheets-Sheet 6 m m /04d r 0 4) WW5;

Patented Deals-1931 UNITED STA OVE PETERSEN, or HELLEBUP, NEAR COPENHAGEE'DEN'MARK immsma GEAR FOR INTERNAL COMBU$TION mmnms Application med June 2a, 1928, Serial no.

This invention relates to a'reversing gear for combustion engines of that kindin which the fuel is injected into the cylinder, without employing compressed an injection, only by the pressure of a pump, the motion ofwhich is governed in a well regulated way relatively to the piston stroke of the engine by a reversible cam device or the like; The invention has. for its obj ectto produce a simple and secureacting reversing gear, by which-the revers ing of the fueloil 'pump'is effected in themost simple way, and where the fuel pump mechanism is, at the same'time, relieved from the pressure of the fluid fuel during the period in which the motion is reversed from forward to back or vice versa. The inven- 7 tion is chieflvcharacterized in that the cam roller determining themotion of the fuel pump is during the reversal raised, clear of the cams in a direction which is chiefly identi-' cal with its normal direction, whereby in order to relieve the fuel pump-mechanism from the pressure of the fluid fuel during this period a device is provided; for, which is moved. from the starting handle of the engine, the relief being brought about when the start- I ing handle is moved intothe stop position, so that the piston of the fuel pump may be moved inwardly without any resistance from. the pressure of the fluid fuel. According to the invention the starting lever is preferably. so connected with the reversing shaftthat they lock each other,.so that the rotation of the latter is onlypossible in one position of the starting handle viz. the stop position, whereby is obtained that l the" relief of the fuel oil pump mechanismeis brought about before the manoeuvring shaft can berotated, while on the other hand the startinghandle can be moved out ofits stop position only in. one position; of the manoeuvring shaft, viz in that position wherethe cam rollerisin connection with. the cam for forward or back motion. The relief-in itself is effected thereby that the suctionpva'lve, overflow-valve, slide or the like of the fuelpump, or another valve,

slide or the" like in the pressure pipe system of the fuel pump is: opened and keptopen during the reversal period, the actuation of the said relieving member. issuing from a 289,811, and in Denmark m 13, 1021;]

device, which is moved therebyzthat the starting handle is movedinto its stop posi tion. The; invention brings the essential mechanicaladvantage that the crew need not move any special handle to relieve .thefuel; pump by the reversa1',.so thatfull security obtain-ed thatthe element'sby whichthe reversairofthe, fuel pump iscarried out are not.

exposed to having to. overcome thelpressur'a of'the: fluid fuel, which i'svery-high m machines with atomization'by pressure; I T'he'invention further relates to various preferred devices combined with the. reversingmeans in question. .The invention is illustratedin the: drawings,.whichshow various] construc- 0781 tional forms of thereversinggear. Fig; is:

a perspective view of a constructional emplo ed' in reversible-engines of the type. in whichall of the valve levers are eccentrie cally mounted on one shaft, Fig. 2 shows 7 0 parts of the same in elevation and on a larger 1 scale, Fig. 3 is a, perspective view ofa re, versingmechanism and a manipulatinglever or handlecooperating therewith, and a die grammatic view, partly in section, ofa fuel wpump and a mechanism provided betweenthe pump. and the manipulating mechanism serv:

ing to relievethe pump from the oil pressure; Fig. 4 shows a constructional form of the. actuating means of the fuel pump in elevation, Fig. 5 part of thesame, aslooking fromthe left side in Fig. 4, Fig. 6 another part of thesame. on a smaller scale, as seen" from. the right side; in Fig. 4, Fig. 7 is a: perspec-; tiveview of aconstructional form of. a re versing gear ina motor of that type in which all of the valve levers are concentrically mounted onone shaft and actuated by. push rods, Fig. 8 is a perspectiveview on a larger.

scale of a modified constructional form of part of the gear, Fig.'9 sh0ws1a.constructional form of the reversingvgear according to 1 the invention capable ofi' beingr employed both-in engines with all valve. leversamo'unted eccentrically on one shaft andxin engines halv-I 5 ing all valve. leversmounted. concentrically and actuated by push rods, and Fig; 10'isa diagrammatic view of a constructional: form 05 part-of the gear; .I-nthe reversing? gear shown; inFig. 1 all of the valvelevers m levers 5, 6, 7,*and from which the admission valve, exhaust valve and starting valve, respectively, are actuated, the rollers being actuated either from the cams 8, 9, 10 forfwor ward motion or from the cams 11, 12, 13 for back motion." The said cam discs are mounted on the rotating cam shaft-14, which is driven in a known way from the engine crank shaft. In :a reversing gearaccording tothe present invention the shaftil further carries an eccentric 15 provided with alever 16, whose roller 17 follows a cam disc 18 for forward motion .(as shown in the drawings) or a cam disc *18 -f0r back motion when the shaft 14' has been displaced longitudinally in the direction of'the-arrow far enough to place the said disc 18,, opposite the roller 17 That end of the lever-16 remote from the shaft 1 is provided with a'roller 19 serving toactuate the fuel oil pump. 20 indicates the housing of the oil pump, 21 the pump plunger, which is provided at its bottom end with a head 22,.

A'spring 23 is inserted between. the pump housing 20 and said head 22., serving to keep the pump plunger in engagement with the roller -19,-the pump plunger being thereby forced to follow the motion of the roller and in this way also the motion imparted to the lever 16 from the cam disc '18,, or 185. Below the roller 19 a fixed stop 22, secured to the engine frame is provided, adjusted in such a way that whenthe roller 17 is out of engagement with thecam portion of the cam disc 18 or 18 some slight amount of clearance 24 is present between the roller 17 and the cylindrical portion of the cam 18,, or 18 Whenthe' engine is running either forward or back, the position of-th'e reversing shaft 1 is such that the eccentric portion of all eccentrics 2, 3, 4, 15'is pointing downwards ornearly so, so that all rollers of levers 5, 6, 7, 16 are actuated'by the cams. During the reversing operations the shaft-1 is rotated to such an extent that the centres of all eccentrics are moved upwards into a position vertical above the first described position. This causes'the rollers of the valve levers to be raised out of engagement with the cams in the well-known manner. With regard 'to the lever 16 actuating the fuel oil pump this lever is 'raisedby means of the fixed stop 22,, and it will then occupy the position shown in Fig. 2 withthe-eccentric 15 turned overso that it points upwards. In this position roller 19 at the extreme end of plunger 21 of the fuel oil pump 20 being in its at lowermost position with its head 22 resting against the roller 19. In this position of the reversing shaft 1, as mentioned above, the

rollers of all. valve levers also clear the cams of the cam shaft and accordingly the cam shaft may nowbe displaced in a known manner, so that the cams corresponding to the opposite direction of rotation are placed in position toengage the rollers. After this the rotation of the reversing shaft 1 is continued so as to make the eccentrics point downwards instead of upwards, whereby the rollers are moved into working position in relation to the cams now serving as actuating cams. Considering ,now more, particularly the reversing mechanism or apparatus of the fuel oil pump .it will be seen that duringthe move ment of theroller 17 into the working position the rotation of the reversing shaft 1 will cause thejpump piston to be pushed into the pump housing 20, if the engine is so positioned that the curve of the cam 18 is located exactly under the roller, thus causing a pressure stroke to'be made. Thiswould result in a very considerable stress on the reversing apparatus, because pressures between 200 and 500 atmospheres are employed in such engines. According to the invention this oc-- currence is prevented by a suction valve, bypass valve, slide or the'like situated in the pressure piping of the pump being connected With the-starting handle in such way that the said Valve or the like is always kept open during'the reversing operations. F or this starting arrangement it is assumed that the internal combustion engine is adjusted in a .known manner by compressed air and the reversing mechanism is set similarly in a known manner either by hand power, by compressed air, or by some other force. An example of a reversing mechanism of this kind is shown in Fig. 3.

The reversing shaft 1 carries a helical cam 25 of a known kind engaging two collars 25 and 25 on the shaft 14, so that the latter is displaced in its longitudinal direction, when the shaft 1 is rotated e. g. 360. T he shaft 1 j carries also a worm wheel 26 engaging a worm 26 mountedon a shaft 28 which carries also a motor2'. and at its lower end another worm 30 engaging a worm wheel 30 mounted on a shaft' 135. This shaft carries also a gear wheel 120 engaging a gear wheel 121 the diameter of which is twice as great. The gear wheel 121 carries an eccentric'pin 122 on which is loosely pivoted a sliding block 123 sliding in a frame 124 which forms the upper end of a cylindrical rod 125. This rod is guided further down by a bearing 126 so as to be'bound: tomove vertically ,up and down.

the sliding block 123: carries along the frame;-

corresponding; fully is -provided witlr-ian overflow .valve 33 sci-v At its lIQWQITBHdI therorl 125-1carriesa-iflatb1dck:c 127 ywith a recess 128." .29; is a'rever'sing handle by :which :themotor 2'1 :may; be started ands which carries=a=projection 129 projecting into the recess-128; By means of this recessand; the :motion carried-"out by :the blook during thereversing period ,a a control and partly 1 locking :of themotionoiithehandle 29; is effected as 1 will :appear :froIn-the: followings.

In the shown positioniof the handle 29 this: is in its central position, and thecamcshaiti of the internal combustion'engine is:sup-.- poseditoybe adjusted for forward running. It the engine .is-rtogbe reversed this is effected thereby thattheihandlei 29 is moved into one OIILthEaOthfiB'Ofl'thB apositionsxB or F; the: extension 130s of the handle 29 closing hereby one'or' IlihHfOtlIGliOf the contacts 1131-,- 132 so astoaclose anJelectricat current to the"- motor? 27 1 the supplyaroffi current itakingu place through we mainpolcs 133M The drawing? shows zthatithe :handle :29 canuonly be moved- I tolithetlefqzi; e.'t0' the position B, motion to the right beingupr'event'ed by theright side 0155 the recess-"128. The motion to the left "cor responds justto reversal for backwardszrnnningianad causes by the closing. of the contact 131 thatiithe motor-starts. Hereby the gear wheel :120:.-.is rotated one 1' revolution: by: the w wormzgear 30. 301, whilethe gear .wheelw12lv isrotated half a revolution; andthe projection 122: which :is" shown :inpits: uppermost 1 position in the drawing,is herebycarried into its lowermost position, During this motion 124; guiding: Erod 125. and block-127, and the inclined deft wall of the recess 128 presses then: against theeprojection 129 of the handle? 29*so. .as -to1move the latter intovits central position. When this position is reached, the E electricala current :is cut 011' and the motor 27. stops. In= the,=newv position of the block '127i the reoesse128 allows only the motion of the handle29 from-central position to the right; i. er-to: the' position F; whichsvcorresponds thereto that the internal combustion; engine, 1 which isnow' reversed tobackward running, istnow fableronly tobe reversed-i to forward runningr. Theadevice thus acts in a-In'anner; to that described above only with the difierence that theblock=127 is moved upwardm'and the inclined right wall oizthe :recess128carries the handle back into itsxcentralhposition by pressing againstythe "projection1129.

Thestarting itselfiof the combustionen-fi gins is effected by "astarting handle 32"shownl, in :full: lines-in its stop position. The startinggis effected inwa'known manner:-by com- 1-.

pressed :air when the handle'132 is moved to M the=positionu32 (staiitingLpositionll s Accordingtoi-the invention the fuel pump ing atoiconneetthe pressure pipe of the pump 7 with an ontlet pipe5:349v thmmghowhinh: the

Ibackap'osition;

oilfiin'";thecpumpris rtumed-reii gatothe flijelcT ,oilrtank l'whenlthe valve'33iopens. .Thewalvei- 335s moved @upgand down by-aelever 3,5 re-v ceiving its motion, fromxthe dueloil' pump :1

ins knownimanner-from a cam mechanismhaw which ;aga'nr;receives its: motionlink gear or-the like (not shownzin the drawings) the lever 35 being pivoted onan 600611-11 eccentric: enables the: positiom 7 131'101362 f This of theaxis {0f rotation of thetleveri35 =to be moved up: and down by moving the; lever r37! upnand; down: By adj ustment 0f (the: lever is rconnected tor the starting; handle 32 by awi 37 itis possible-to keeputhe: valve 33 :raised' 1 rod .38, which; ragainiisi connected twith the handlea32l-by1 a: leveri39, the adjustment of the: rod: 38 "being; such that the valve 331 is 1 raised from its: seat during; the; entire stroke:

dle isfa'in anyx'oi the two positionsx32i'and 32 of the fueloili pump, when? the starting han-:

shown in the :drawings; or in any "position-ins termediary thereto; The motion ofthe starting, handle -32is interlocked with that of the reversing handle a 29 in: such away by ardisc' 31-that the handle-32 is only capablesot being;

moved 1 from the stop position (shown'in full? lines) into the position 32 (by which move ment the engine'iszstarted byvmean's of comipressed air), when the; disc 31 istin: such1 ad iposlilionb that-the reversing; gear is either in its extreme forward position orin its extreme because .in any ofthese positions the notch31 provided in the disc 31 1:.

isiopposite theprojection 400i 'theistar'tingw handler 32. In a similar way the handle: 29, and thus alsoithe motion of the reversing;

gear, is a secured or locked in relation to the position occupied by" the starting handle 32, so that; the 1 handle 29 may only be moved ini order to'start the reversing gear from'onew position to the otherwhenthe handle 32 is in its stop position,'whereby the valve 33 in i all:. positions-of the internal combnstionen tuatingamechanism of the fuel; oil pumps: 1

gineis raised from its seat, so that the'fuel isthe reversing shaft on whichfthe "lever 16 actuating ithe fuel. oil .pump is lever beingprovided withthe roller 17 which lever; 16 extends beyondthe roller 17 and I mounted; this receives its'motion from the cam 18 The nected at their bottomcends by :means'ofa'v cross-head 51, on which "the pump plunger *1 21. iswmounted. Fig. 6 showsthis connection for the fuel oil lpumpin end View, showingis the1end=of the lever 16, the two rods '52 and between these latter the cross-head 51 carry ingrzth "pumpplnnger 2Lworking within the fuel? pump housing. Contrary. to the) above 1 described constructionalitorm the; fuelapump in the will subject them tov tension made of small diameter and great length, so that the side pressure on the plunger, which in these engines must necessarily work with an extraordinarily small amount of play, becomes extremelysmall, and thus the pump plunger is prevented from seizing in the pump housing. The fuel oil pump is not provided with a helical spring as in the previously described constructional form, but the lever 16 is extended beyond'the axis of rotation of the shaft 1 (see Fig. '4) thus presenting a double lever. At its. extreme end it is provided with a head 41 with an hour- I glass-shaped hole 42, thus leaving free pasinserted between this disc piece 47 which serves as'a spring'-'seat. Fig.

sage fora rod43. This rod-43 is at its extreme end'rotatablymountedtin a fixed bearing or the like. The rod carriesa fixed stop in the shape ofia' disc 45,and a spring 46 is and the top- 5 shows the head 41, tension rod 43, helical spring 46,: and top-piece 47, end of the lever. The top-piece 47 is provided with two pivots 48, from which two tension rods "49 extend downwards without touching thefixed stop45, to another two journals 50 mounted on each side of the head 41. The tension rod 43 is so long that it V passes freely through a hole provided in the 24 in relation to the cam 18,, when the spring tions, in which the spring seat 47, which ensures sufficient stability of this arrangement. The adjusting mechanism is now so'constructed that the roller 17 has a sufficient slight amount of play 46, by exerting pressure on the spring seat 47.through the tension rods 49, draws the head 41 of the lever 16 up towards the fixed stop disc 45 on the rod 43, which'corresponds.

to the fuel oil pump plunger 21 being in its bottom position.

During reversing opera- .shaft 1 is so rotated that the eccentric 15 is moved into its topmost position, theroller. 17 will-be lifted placement or'shifting ofthe cam shaft may be effected, the pumpplunger' being at the same timemoved upwards into itsuppermost position, which meets with no resistance, as the by-pass valve scribed above; further, this movement is effected with the least possible resistance, because the arrangement of the spring, as described a-bove,,makes it unnecessary to compress. the spring, as the rotation is effected while the head'41 of the valve lever 16 is supportedbythe fixed stop 45 of the tension rod 43. It is thusobtained that the reversing ofthe fuel oilJpump takes place withthe least possible resistance, inasmuch as the pump is not onlyrelieved of pressure but also present form is rigidly connected to the lever 16. The rods 52 have intentionally been so chosen and arranged that the pump during the pres-. sure stroke, in this way these rods may be as seen from the p clear of V the curve 18, of the cam 18,,so that the disserving tomove the fuel or the like is open as dethe flat head 65' of the fuel of the'spring tension. Asmentioned above, the constructionalform of the reversing gear according to the invention as shown in Fig. 7 is intended for reversible internal combustion engines of the known type in which all the valve levers are pivotally mountedon one fixed shaft and driven by push rods from cam discson a cam shaft, the push rods being swung free'of the cams during reversing operation. 1 is the fixed common shaft on which the valve levers 5, 6, 7 are pivoted, and 53, 54, 55 are the corresponding push rods for admission, starting, and exhaust valves respectively. At their bottom ends the push rods are hinged to links 58, 59, mounted on the crank 57 of thereversing shaft 56. Vertically below the push rods 53, 54, 55 the links 58, 59, 60 carry cam rollers engagingthe cams 8, 9, 10for forward motion or 11, 12, 13 for back motion, of which latter only 12 and 13 are visible in the drawings. These cams, which are mounted on the cam shaft 14, rotate during the running ofthe engine, driven from the crank shaft of the engine by a suitable gear. shaft-56, which is parallel to the cam shaft 14, is shown in Fig. 7 in the position in that the crank 57 is next to the cam shaft 14, in which position the cam rollers engage one set of cams. If the engine is to be reversed, this is done manually, by compressed air or by some other power in a similar manner as described forengines with. eccentrically mounted valve levers. The reversing shaft 56 is rotated in total 360 from the position 60 pivotally 3 A reversing suitable means,"the push rods 53, 54, 55 will I swing out as pendulums suspended in fixed points,-viz. their points of union with the valve levers 5, 6, 7 When the cam rollers have got clear of the cams, the cam shaft 14 is displaced longitudinally as far as necessary for the cam rollers to engage the cams corresponding to the opposite direction of rotation, when the'push bars are swung back into their initial position by the continued rotation of the reversing shaft 56. The cam shaft 14 carries also the cams 18 and 18 pump piston and corresponding to forward and back motion respectively, one of which cams engages during the running of the engine a cam roller '1 on alever 62 mounted on a fixed pivot 63. The'lever 62 treads with a roller 64 on pump piston 21, said headb'eing pressed against the roller by a helical spring 23, which causes the outward rigidly mounted in the engine. An eccentric or cam 66 mounted on the reversing shaft stroke of the piston 21. 'This piston 21 works in the fuel pump, the house 20 of which is the engine it opensithe by-pass at :thee'ndof each pump st'rolre, thusbringing the fuel in- .z

7 2 ona shaft 7 3 mounted in two stationary Fig. 7 the disc66 is without. influence on the motion ofthe lever-:62, this; motionfduring the running of the engine bein caused only anism belongs" further a lever 69', one end of which is rotatably mounted on a pivot 70. on

the pump plunger :head' 65, while.- its 4 other end is pivoteld by atension rod 71 to the: arm

39 of the starting. handle 32. In the. rod 69 rotatably suspended.

the overflowslide 68 is This slide controls a bypass in the 'fuelipump in such away that followingv the motion of the pump plunger. 21 du'ringlthe working of jection to amend. During. the first part'of the reversing v operations, where the revel-s ing shaft is, as -described.above,rotated 360, the cam 66 pushesthe piston 21 to the bottom of its stroke through the: arm67 lever 62 and roller 64. iIf duringfthis motion the pump pumpedfuel :oil into the motor cylinder, there wouldrbe a very great resistance against the'rotation of a the r-reversing shaft and themotion of themembers connected thexinvention the therewith. According to fuel pump is relieved fronrlthispump pressure during 68 being so ward motion of the pump plunger caused by the rotation of the reversing shaft the bypass is opened, so that during thiszdownward motionthe pump plunger-21 has to work only against the insignificant counter-pressure in the by-pass. Simultaneously with the downward motion of the plunger 21 the slide 68 is moved furtherdownwardgowing to its connection with the lever 69,;whichwill, how-' ever, only cause the hy-pass to be kept o en still. Similarly to what has been descri (1 above with regard to engines with eccentrically mounted levers, the handle 32 is locked in'such a way that it cannot bemoved until the reversingmechanismis in position either for forward orfor back'movement, and the said reversing mechanism is similarly locked in relation to' the handle 32,so that it cannot be moved until the handle is inits stop position, in whiehthe fuel ump is already stated. A no ification of the an rangement represented in Fig -7 is shown in Fig. 8, in which 18 and 18 asabove indicate? pression of the sprmg,-x1nthis case the helical the cams for forward and back motion with er. These cams on the lever62, stationary 'as in' Fig. 7 but maychange position, because the lever 62 is rotatably mounted ion an'eocentric cooperate wth the roller 61 ich thecam roller 61 engages. To'the fuel pump mechthe reversal, the overflow slide far displaced idownwards by the starting handle 32, lever 39 and tension rod eccentricity points u 1 $011 as to remove relieved as h p as compared with that of Fig. 7 is' that the motion of the pump whose axis of rotation is not; the arrangement shown in" ing through -bearin1gs:74,""l5. :The 1.876136203111565 two two, governing rods '18 sliding}, in fixed-guid mg ymembers 79 extending from t the fixed,

pump housing20. The; guide mdsIB are-con nected with ,a cross-head 80 carrying the pump plunger 21.

:levergand is provided, similarly to; the. lever :16in--Fig.. 4, with a headi41 with an hour; 1 glass-shaped hole 42 ,v-wherein ismounted a tension rod 43, which may pass freely through v the hole 42. At its lowerrend the tension rod The; lever 62 i is.- a 1 double 43 is pivotedto a fixed bearing ,44 or the like i and provided with a stop 145secureid to the; The head 41 is pressed "against" this rod 43. stop by the pressure of:a-:sprin'g=46 laced .betweenrtheistop45' and aspring seat: 4 having two pivots 48, which are connected: by two tensionprods'49 with tW-QPiVOES 50 ThBMPXBSSUI'd of thefcompressed spring46 45 or. the push rod 43 bein so disposed" that a very small play exists etween theycam rollem61 and the cylindrical portion v-eofithe The shaft73 carries: a lever-81,, which; by

:means of a tension rod 82 is connectedwith an eccentric strap'83 surrounding an eccentric 84 mounted on; the reversing? shaft. 56-. The position of the eccentric 84 on the revers- Fig. 7, to go free of the cams ;onuthe cam shaft 14 causes at the same time the eccentric 72 to leavethe positioninf Fig.8, where. the wards; The rotation of the reversing sha tlthus causes the; axis of rotationiof: the lever 62 to be lowered, and

' as the :head'41 of'the ilever rests on the hired stop 45, the lever 62 iis turned downwards the roller 61 from cams 18 18 Atthe same time the pump plunger-is pushed inwardly towits innermost; position,

lieved from the pressure of the and during this manteuvre the pump isr're slide" 68 or thelike 'in a similar 1 manner 4 as described with regard to Fig. 7. 5T Thefadvantage of the last described constructional form movementof the pump piston down tothe bottom positiondoes not require; any comspring' 46, normally causing the downward the cam roller61 against the cam 18, or "18 7 t? tending from the head 41 of he11lever '62.

plunger 1 and pressing the pressure of thespring46 on the'lever 62 i in thesaid device acting .in a direction: passthe pointof contactbetweenjthe head 41- and fixed stop "45. The slide: 68: :is it;

so mounted in the cross-head 80 that it is bound to-follow its motion'up and down,

whereas it may rotate freely around its own axis. The slide 68 has an arm 168, which is bound by a key connection to take part in withthe lever 168 is a tension rod 68 connected with the starting and regulating handle "ofthe engine (not shown in Fig. 8)

by a link connection, so that the slide 68 uncovers in a similar manner as according to Fig. 7 an'overflow, when the starting handle is in its start or stop position. In the constructional form of the invention shown in F 9, which is employable both in reversible combustion engines having all the valve levers .a spur-gear 85 meshin mounted eccentrically on one shaft and in re- VBISlblB combustion engines having the valve 1 levers mounted rotatable around a fixed shaft and moved by push rods, 14 is the cam shaft with'cams 8, 9, 10 and 11, 12, 13 for forward "and back'motion and for the valve levers for admission, exhaust-and starting valves respectively. Mounted on the cam shaft 14 is.

' with another spur gear 86 on a cam sha t 114, on which the cams for one or more fuel oil pumps are mounted.- Three sets of cams are shown in the figure, of WhlCll cams 18,, are for forward,

1 cams 18,, for back. Opposite each set of cams is a lever 62. The levers 62 are actuated by.

I the cams through the rollers 61 and mounted on pivots 63 rigidly mounted in relation to the engine. The levers 62 carry rollers 64 held against the flat heads 65 of the respective fuel-oil pump plungers 21, which plungers .21 work within the fuel pump housing 20.

r The lever 92 is rotatable fuel The head is pressed against'the rollers 64 by the helical springs 23. Parallel to the cam shaft 114 is a reversing shaft 156 provided with levers 166, which may engage the projecting arms 67 on levers 62. The cam shaft 114 for the fuel oil pump is longi tudinally displaceable in its bearings 87, 88 and is provided with two fixed collars 89, 90 enclosing a shoe having two pivots 91, which are held by the branches 93 of a forked lever 92. The cam shaft 14 has similarly two fixed collars 95, 96 enclosing a shoe with two pivots 94 also mounted in the branches 93 of lever 92. on an axle ora pivot 97 in the engine. By this arrangement, which forms a connection between the shafts 114 and 14, is obtained that the cam shaft 114 for the oil pump is moved in the same manner andat the same time as:the cam shaft 14 for the valves of the combustion engine, when the l I latter shaft is longitudinally displaced during the reversal, only with the difference that the movements of the shaft114 are a little greater than those 'of'the shaft 14. The cams 18 for forward and 18 for'ba'ck motion thus are shifted in such a way that one or the other 7 shaft 1 for the valve levers (which applies to internal combustion engines with valve levers mounted eccentrically on one shaft) or on the reversing shaft 56 (which applies to internal combustion engines in which the valve levers are rotatably suspended on a fixed common shaft and actuated by push rods). By rotation of the shaft in question 1 or 56, whereby the rest of the reversing gear of the internal combustion engine is set for forward or back respectively, the shaft 156 is rotated through a corresponding angle, so that levers 166 engage the projecting arms 67, thereby pressing these arms down, so that the rollers 61 get free of the cams 18 and 18 and allow thus the displacement of the shaft 114. In order that this movement downwards of the levers 166 may be effected without being met with too great a-resistance from the pump plungers, these latter are provided in a simi lar way to that described with reference to the constructional forms shown in the previous figures with a relieving gear comprising a by-pass valve or by-pass slide inserted in the pressure piping of each separate pump and connected with the common starting handle in such a way that the pumps are relieved of pressure when the starting handle is in its stop or start position. As mentioned above, this latter handle is locked in such a way in relation to the reversing motion that it may only be moved when'the reversing apparatus is in any of its outermost positions, and similarly the reversing gear can only be moved or manipulated when the starting handle is in its stop position, whereby is obtained that the fuel pump is relieved of pressure before the reversing shaft can be moved, so that the reversing may be done inthe easiest possible way. In the constructional forms ofthe invention shown in Figs.

'3, 7 and 8 the valve, slide or the like serving effected from the engine platform by means of rod and link connections or the like. In certain cases it may be advantageous, however, that this valve or its equivalent is so disposed that it may be reached directly from the engine platform; in this case it may be mounted as a separate unit connected with the pressure chamber of the pump by a pipe. Such pipe will, however, increase the total volume of the pressure chamber, the elasticity of which will give rise to an inexpediently great amount of lagging Yin the system. Tofavoid this drawback the piping is pro vided with a non-return valve situated very close to or inside the pump housing. In a multiple-cylinder engine this arrangement may be effected in such away that said pipings are joined into a single line, so that one overflow valve-may serve all the fuel pumps during the reversing. In the constructional form of an arrangement of thislkind, as employed in a four-cylinder engine, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 10, 101 -101 indicate the four fuel pumps which during normal running of the engine pump the fuel through the pressure pipes 102 402 to the fuel valves. 103,,-103 indicate spring-influenced non-return valves preventing the fuel from flowing backwards from the pipes 104,104 into the fuel pumps. The pipes 104,104 are joined into a common pipe 105 which is provided atits one end with an overflow, control, or safety valve 106, or a slide or the like, which is normally closed but is lifted by a lever 108 connected by a tension rod 109 with the starting handle, when the latter is set for stop or starting, whereby the fuel oil is returned to the fuel oil tank through a pipe 107. V

The invention is not bound to the constructional forms above described and set forth, which are only int-ended to serve as examples, and the invention may be carried out in several different ways without thereby departing from its principles.

I claim: I

1. A reversing gear for combustion engines in which fuel is injectedinto the cylinder without compressed air being employed and by pressure from a pump, the motion of which is positively controlled with relation to the piston strokes of the engine by a reversible cam mechanism comprising a shaft, a plurality of cams on said shaft, a plurality of levers, cam rollers on each of said levers adapted to cooperate with said cams, a fuel pump connected to wed said levers and means raising during reversal of direction the cam roller on the lever cooperating with the fuel pump'clear of the cams in a direction coinciding with its normal direction of motion and means for relieving said fuel pump mechanism of pressure during the reversal, said latter means being controlled by the starting handle of the engine and actuated when the handle is moved to the stop position.

2. A reversing gear as set forth in claim 1, in which the starting handle is connected to the reversinr shaft in such a manner that they look each other so that the rotation of the reversing shaft is possible in only one position of'the starting handle whereby the relief of the fuel pump mechanism is effected before reversal is possible, and the motion of the starting handle out of the stop position is possible only in one position of the reversing shaft. 7

' trolled by l and actuatedwhen the handle is moved to" 3. 'Areversinggear for combustion engines in which fuel is injected into the cylinder "Without compressed air being employed and by pressure from a pump,the motionof which is'positively controlledwith relation to the piston strokes of the engine by a reversible cam mechanism comprising a shaft, a plurality of cams on sald shaft, a plurality of levers, adapted to cooperatewith said cams, a fuel cam rollers on each of saidlevers,

pump connected to one of said levers and means ralslng' during reversal of direction the cam roller on the lever cooperating with the fuel pump clear of'the camsin a direction coinciding with its normal direction of motion andjmeans for relievlng said fuel pump mechanism of pressure during the reversal of direction, said latter means being conthe starting handle of the engine the stop position, said fuel pump having a releasing valve therein and means actuated by said starting handle when moved in the starting position for opening said valve dur- V "90 mg the reversing. f

1.- A reversing gear according to claim 1 in which the cam mechanism by which theme tion of the fuel pump plunger is effected oomprises a. spring pressed during the normal working of theengineatthe compression stroke, the inward stroke of the pump plunger, and which causes thereafter the outward stroke of the pump plunger, wherebythe said 1 spring causes no resistance against the respective cam rollers.

1 5. A reversing gear according toclaim 1 and in which the inward motion-of thefuel pump plunger during the normal working of theengine is effected by a lever carrying in a suitable place the spring device causing the outward motion of the pump plunger, comprising a fixed stop against which the lever is pressed during the reversal by means of the spring mechanism so that the stop serves as a support for the lever during its rotation caused by the cam roller being raised clear of the cam.

6. A reversing gear accordingto claim 1, andin which the motion of the pump plunger from the cam is effected by a lever having a fixed axis of rotation, in which the lever is provided with a branch, projecting arm, or notch, which during the reversal is influenced by an eccentric, on the reversing shaft moved by a suitable eccentric linked connection together with the reversing shaft, so that the cam roller is raised away from the cam against the resistance of the spring normally keeping the roller against the cam.

'7. A reversing gear according to claim 3 and in whichthereleasing valve contained in the pump mechanism is connected with-thejj pump piston, said connection comprising a lever connected. also with the starting handle ofthe engine by a link mechanism in such a way that the axis of rotation of the lever may be displaced, so that the releasing valve is vopened when the starting handle is set for stop or start; I a

8'. A reversing gear according to claim 3 in which a slide with an oblique shaped overlap is employed to control the injection period, the said slide being rotatable aroundits aXisand its rotation being effected from the 10 starting and controlling handle of the engine by means of a suitable link mechanism so that the slide uncovers an overflow passage in the pump apparatus, when the starting handle is positioned for stop or start.

9. A reversing'gear for combustion engines in which fuel is injected into the cylinder without compressedair being employed and by pressure from a pump, the motion of which is positively controlled with relation to the 2o piston strokes of the engine by a reversible cam mechanism comprising a shaft, a plurality of cams on said shaft, aplurality of levers, cam rollers on each of said levers, adapted to cooperate with said cams, a fuel pump connected to one of said levers and means raising during the reversal of direction the cam roller on the lever cooperating with the fuel pump clear of the cams in a direction coinciding with its normal direction of .30 motion, and means for relieving said fuel pump mechanism of pressure during reversal of direction, a locking disk having a pawl 00- f operating with a pin on the starting handle of the engine, a gear mechanism connecting said reversing shaft to said disk whereby only one position of the disk permits the engagement and any other position of the disk causes the handle to be maintained in its stop position. In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

OVE PETERSEN. 

